Quantum Computing: Revolutionary Yet Limited, Says Physicist
Enschede, Monday, 7 October 2024.
Quantum physicist Shohini Ghose reveals that while quantum computing is groundbreaking, it won’t solve all existing problems. This emerging technology excels at specific tasks but isn’t universally superior for all computing needs, challenging common misconceptions about its capabilities.
Understanding the Basics of Quantum Computing
At the core of quantum computing’s revolutionary potential lies its fundamental difference from classical computing. Unlike classical computers that rely on binary digits or bits, which are strictly 0s and 1s, quantum computers utilize quantum bits, or qubits. These qubits can exist in a state of superposition, meaning they can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This unique property allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at exponentially faster rates than their classical counterparts[1].
The Promise of Quantum Computing
Quantum computing holds the potential to transform a variety of industries by offering unprecedented computational power. For instance, in the field of quantum cryptography, it promises unbreakable security for online communications. This is because quantum encryption, when executed flawlessly, is theoretically unhackable. Additionally, quantum computing can significantly accelerate problem-solving in industries such as pharmaceuticals, finance, and aerospace, where vast amounts of data require processing[1].
Challenges in Scaling Quantum Technology
Despite its promise, quantum computing faces substantial challenges. Maintaining qubits in a state suitable for computation requires them to be kept at temperatures near absolute zero, which is a costly and complex process. Furthermore, qubits are highly susceptible to errors due to their fragile nature, necessitating sophisticated error correction techniques. The financial barrier is also significant, with each qubit costing approximately €10,000, making widespread commercial application currently prohibitive[1].
Key Players and Innovations
One of the leading entities in quantum computing is IBM, which has made significant strides with its IBM Quantum platform. IBM’s efforts include the development of a utility-scale quantum computing service that allows users to access their systems through the Qiskit Runtime. This initiative aims to democratize quantum computing by providing free access to its 127-qubit systems, fostering collaboration and innovation across various fields[2].
Real-World Applications and Experiments
Recently, researchers from the Autonomous University of Madrid have leveraged IBM’s quantum technology to simulate cosmological particle creation, demonstrating quantum computing’s potential in exploring complex cosmological phenomena. This study not only highlights the capabilities of quantum computers in theoretical physics but also underscores their potential in advancing scientific understanding across disciplines[3].