France's Flamanville EPR Reactor Achieves First Nuclear Reaction
Manche, Thursday, 5 September 2024.
After 12 years of delays, the Flamanville EPR nuclear reactor in France has initiated its first nuclear chain reaction. This milestone marks a significant step towards full operation, with grid connection expected by late autumn 2024.
Initial Delays and Challenges
The construction of the Flamanville EPR began in December 2007 with an initial completion date set for 2013. However, multiple delays and cost overruns plagued the project, pushing the start date back by over a decade. Initially estimated to cost €3.3 billion, the total expenditure has now ballooned to €13.2 billion. These delays were attributed to various technical challenges and stringent safety regulations imposed by the French nuclear regulator, Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (ASN).
Regulatory Approvals and Technical Preparations
ASN granted EDF the necessary approvals to begin the reactor’s divergence process on 7 May 2024. This allowed EDF to load 241 fuel assemblies into the reactor, a critical step completed by 22 May 2024. Following this, EDF conducted numerous technical tests to ensure the facility was prepared for the initiation of nuclear fission. On 30 August 2024, EDF provided ASN with the required documentation to proceed with the divergence operations, which were officially authorized on 2 September 2024.
Achieving the First Nuclear Reaction
On 3 September 2024, at precisely 15:54 local time, EDF announced that the Flamanville 3 reactor had achieved its first nuclear reaction. This significant milestone, known as ‘divergence,’ marks the beginning of nuclear fission at a very low power level of 0.2% of the reactor’s rated capacity of 1,650 megawatts (MW). This initial phase is crucial for ensuring that the reactor operates safely and efficiently as it ramps up to higher power levels.
Future Steps and Grid Connection
Following the initial divergence, EDF plans to gradually increase the reactor’s power output through a series of tests. The goal is to reach 25% capacity, at which point the reactor will be connected to the national electricity grid. This connection is anticipated to occur by late autumn 2024. Testing will continue throughout the ramp-up process, with EDF required to obtain ASN’s approval for each significant increase in power output.
Implications for Green Innovation
The Flamanville EPR is expected to produce 1,650 MW of electricity, enough to power approximately three million homes. This will significantly contribute to France’s energy mix, which heavily relies on nuclear power. As the first new reactor commissioned in France since 1999, Flamanville 3 represents a leap forward in nuclear technology with enhanced safety features such as a double concrete shell and corium recovery systems. By generating substantial clean energy, the Flamanville EPR will play a vital role in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.